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Effect of entropy on the nucleation of cavitation bubbles in water under tension

Autor(en)
Georg Menzl, Christoph Dellago
Abstrakt

Water can exist in a metastable liquid state under tension for long times before the system relaxes into the vapor via cavitation, i.e., bubble nucleation. Microscopic information on the cavitation process can be extracted from experimental data by the use of the nucleation theorem, which relates measured cavitation rates to the size of the critical bubble. To apply the nucleation theorem to experiments performed along an isochoric path, for instance, in cavitation experiments in mineral inclusions, knowledge of the bubble entropy is required. Using computer simulations, we compute the entropy of bubbles in water as a function of their volume over a wide range of tensions from free energy calculations. We find that the bubble entropy is an important contribution to the free energy that significantly lowers the barrier to bubble nucleation, thereby facilitating cavitation. Furthermore, the bubble entropy per surface area depends on the curvature of the liquid-vapor interface, decreasing approximately linearly with its mean curvature over the studied range of bubble volumes. At room temperature, the entropy of a flat liquid-vapor interface at ambient pressure is very similar to that of critical bubbles over a wide range of tensions, which justifies the use of the former as an approximation when interpreting data from experiments. Based on our simulation results, we obtain an estimate for the volume of the critical bubble from experimentally measured cavitation rates.

Organisation(en)
Computergestützte Physik und Physik der Weichen Materie, Institut für Lehrer*innenbildung
Journal
Journal of Chemical Physics
Band
145
Anzahl der Seiten
7
ISSN
0021-9606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4964327
Publikationsdatum
12-2016
Peer-reviewed
Ja
ÖFOS 2012
103036 Theoretische Physik, 103015 Kondensierte Materie, 103029 Statistische Physik
Schlagwörter
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete
Allgemeine Physik und Astronomie, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Link zum Portal
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/8abc4ab3-6d47-4994-b0f4-9b9dff7c5f26