Nonequilibrium control of thermal and mechanical changes in a levitated system

Autor(en)

Markus Rademacher, Michael Konopik, Maxime Debiossac, David Grass, Eric Lutz, Nikolai Kiesel

Abstrakt

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally assessed for the generic situation of simultaneous mechanical and thermal changes. Thermal driving is indeed generally slow and more difficult to realize than mechanical driving. We here use feedback cooling techniques to implement fast and controlled temperature variations of an underdamped levitated microparticle that are one order of magnitude faster than the equilibration time. Combining mechanical and thermal control, we verify the validity of a fluctuation theorem that accounts for both contributions, well beyond the range of linear response theory. Our system allows the investigation of general far-from-equilibrium processes in microscopic systems that involve fast mechanical and thermal changes at the same time.

Organisation(en)

Quantenoptik, Quantennanophysik und Quanteninformation

Externe Organisation(en)

Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Universität Stuttgart

Journal

Physical Review Letters

Band

128

Anzahl der Seiten

6

ISSN

0031-9007

Publikationsdatum

03-2021

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

103015 Kondensierte Materie, 103029 Statistische Physik

Schlagwörter

Link zum Portal

https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/84c94648-fb90-423f-8b3f-c0e3ad35485d