A European Aerosol Phenomenology - 3: physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60 rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe

Autor(en)

Jean Philippe Putaud, Rita Van Dingenen, Andres Alastuey, Heidi Bauer, Wolfram Birmili, Josef Cyrys, Harald Flentje, Sandro Fuzzi, Robert Gehrig, Hans-Christen Hansson, Roy M. Harrison, Hartmut Herrmann, Regina Hitzenberger, Christoph Hueglin, A. Jones, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Greg Kiss, Anu Kousa, T. A. J. Kuhlbusch, Gerhard Löschau, Willy Maenhaut, A. Molnar, Teresa Moreno, Juha Pekkanen, Chiara Perrino, Mike Pitz, Hans Puxbaum, Xavier Querol, S. Rodriguez, Imre Salma, Jaroslav Schwarz, Jiri Smolik, Jean Louis Schneider, Gerald Spindler, Harry M. ten Brink, Janja Tursic, Maria del Mar Viana, Alfred Wiedensohler, Frank Raes

Abstrakt

This paper synthesizes data on aerosol (particulate matter, PM) physical and chemical characteristics, which were obtained over the past decade in aerosol research and monitoring activities at more than 60 natural background, rural, near-city, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe. The data include simultaneously measured PM10 and/or PM2.5 mass on the one hand, and aerosol particle number concentrations or PM chemistry on the other hand. The aerosol data presented in our previous works (Van Dingenen et al., 2004 and Putaud et al., 2004) were updated and merged to those collected in the framework of the EU supported European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical action COST633 (Particulate matter: Properties related to health effects). A number of conclusions from our previous studies were confirmed. There is no single ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations valid for all sites, although fairly constant ratios ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 are observed at most individual sites. There is no general correlation between PM mass and particle number concentrations, although particle number concentrations increase with PM2.5 levels at most sites. The main constituents of both PM10 and PM2.5 are generally organic matter, sulfate and nitrate. Mineral dust can also be a major constituent of PM10 at kerbside sites and in Southern Europe. There is a clear decreasing gradient in SO42− and NO3− contribution to PM10 when moving from rural to urban to kerbside sites. In contrast, the total carbon/PM10 ratio increases from rural to kerbside sites. Some new conclusions were also drawn from this work: the ratio between ultrafine particle and total particle number concentration decreases with PM2.5 concentration at all sites but one, and significant gradients in PM chemistry are observed when moving from Northwestern, to Southern to Central Europe. Compiling an even larger number of data sets would have further increased the significance of our conclusions, but collecting all the aerosol data sets obtained also through research projects remains a tedious task.

Organisation(en)

Aerosolphysik und Umweltphysik

Externe Organisation(en)

Institute for Environment and Sustainability , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Technische Universität Wien, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt, Stockholm University, University of Birmingham, Universität Stuttgart, Versatel AG, YTV Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Ghent University , Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Universität Augsburg, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Czech Academy of Sciences, Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, National Institute of Chemistry, Universität Duisburg-Essen

Journal

Atmospheric Environment

Band

44

Seiten

1308-1320

Anzahl der Seiten

13

ISSN

1352-2310

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.011

Publikationsdatum

2010

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

1030 Physik, Astronomie, 105904 Umweltforschung

Link zum Portal

https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/682cf097-58a7-4756-847c-c33a81dc064d