Single-atom spectroscopy of phosphorus dopants implanted into graphene

Autor(en)

Toma Susi, Trevor P Hardcastle, Hans Hofsäss, Andreas Mittelberger, Timothy Pennycook, Clemens Mangler, Rik Drummond-Brydson, Andrew J Scott, Jannik C. Meyer, Jani Kotakoski

Abstrakt

One of the keys behind the success of modern semiconductor technology

has been the ion implantation of silicon, which allows its electronic

properties to be tailored. For similar purposes, heteroatoms have been

introduced into carbon nanomaterials both during growth and using

post-growth methods. However, due to the nature of the samples, it has

been challenging to determine whether the heteroatoms have been

incorporated into the lattice as intended. Direct observations have so

far been limited to N and B dopants, and incidental Si impurities.

Furthermore, ion implantation of these materials is challenging due to

the requirement of very low ion energies and atomically clean surfaces.

Here, we provide the first atomic-resolution imaging and electron energy

loss spectroscopy (EELS) evidence of phosphorus atoms in the graphene

lattice, implanted by low-energy ion irradiation. The measured P L _2,3-edge shows excellent agreement with an ab initio

spectrum simulation, conclusively identifying the P in a buckled

substitutional configuration. While advancing the use of EELS for

single-atom spectroscopy, our results demonstrate the viability of

phosphorus as a lattice dopant in sp ²-bonded carbon structures and provide its unmistakable fingerprint for further studies.

Organisation(en)

Physik Nanostrukturierter Materialien

Externe Organisation(en)

University of Leeds, SuperSTEM Laboratory, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Journal

2D Materials

Band

4

Anzahl der Seiten

7

ISSN

2053-1583

Publikationsdatum

02-2017

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

103009 Festkörperphysik

Schlagwörter

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Condensed Matter Physics, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Allgemeine Chemie, Allgemeine Materialwissenschaften

Link zum Portal

https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/64c35980-c4c9-4c2b-9aed-6e6504b3dbba